They also stated that research on the effects of ROM on upper limb muscles was limited and conflicting.
Elbow isometric exercises full#
Schoenfeld and Grgic (2020) showed in their recent systematic review article that performing resistance training through a full ROM induced greater effects on hypertrophy of the lower body musculature when compared with training with a partial ROM. In resistance training, range of motion (ROM) is a factor influencing its effects on muscle adaptations ( Schoenfeld and Grgic, 2020). These results suggest that resistance training at the extended elbow joint induces greater muscle adaptations and cross-education effects than that at flexed elbow joint. The cross-education effect was evident for MVC-ISO (15.9 ± 14.8%) and MVC-CON (16.7 ± 20.0%) torque of the EXT group only.
The magnitude of the increase in MT of the trained arm was greater ( P < 0.05) for EXT (8.9 ± 3.9%) than FLE (3.4 ± 2.7%). Significant ( P < 0.05) increases in MVC-ISO torque (16.2 ± 12.6%), MVC-CON torque (21.1 ± 24.4%), and MVC-ECC torque (19.6 ± 17.5%) of the trained arm were observed for the EXT group only. The control group did not show significant changes in any variables. Maximal voluntary contraction torque of isometric (MVC-ISO), concentric (MVC-CON), and eccentric contractions (MVC-ECC), and thickness (MT) of biceps brachii and brachialis of the trained and non-trained arms were assessed at baseline and 4–8 days after the last training session. The exercise training was performed by the dominant arms twice a week for 5 weeks with gradual increases in the training volume over 10 training sessions, and the non-dominant (non-trained) arms were investigated for the cross-education effect. Thirty-two non-resistance trained young adults were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: extended joint training (0°–50° EXT, n = 12) flexed joint training (80°–130° FLE, n = 12) and non-training control ( n = 8). The present study compared two unilateral arm curl resistance exercise protocols with a different starting and finishing elbow joint angle in the same ROM for changes in elbow flexors strength and muscle thickness of the trained and non-trained arms.
3Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.2Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.1Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.Shigeru Sato 1, Riku Yoshida 1, Ryosuke Kiyono 1, Kaoru Yahata 1, Koki Yasaka 2, João Pedro Nunes 3, Kazunori Nosaka 4 and Masatoshi Nakamura 1,2*